|
''Kalos kagathos'' ( (:kalos kaːɡatʰǒs)),〔also ''kalokagathos'' derived from ''kalos kai agathos''〕 of which ''kalokagathia'' () is the derived noun, is a phrase used by classical Greek writers to describe an ideal of personal conduct, especially in a military context. Its use is attested since Herodotus and the classical period. The phrase is adjectival, composed of two adjectives, ("beautiful") and ("good" or "virtuous"), the second of which is combined by crasis with καί "and" to form . Werner Jaeger summarizes it as "the chivalrous ideal of the complete human personality, harmonious in mind and body, foursquare in battle and speech, song and action".〔''Paideia, The Ideals of Greek Culture'', Werner Jaeger, trans. By Gilbert Highet, Oxford University Press, NY, 1945, p. 13.〕 == Uses == Its recorded usage dates from the second half of the 5th and in the 4th century B.C., in Plato' ''Lysis'', a young man is described as ''imbued with kalokagathia''. The phrase could be used both in a generic sense, or with certain specific force. As a generic term, it may have been used as the combination of distinct virtues, which we might translate as "handsome and brave", or the intersection of the two words "good" or "upstanding". Translations such as "gentleman" or "knight" have traditionally been suggested to convey the social aspect of the phrase, while "war hero" or the more cynical "martyr" are more recent versions, and emphasise the military element. It became a fixed phrase by which the Athenian aristocracy referred to itself; in the ethical philosophers, the first of whom were Athenian gentlemen, the term came to mean the ideal or perfect man. The possession of the beautiful and the good ("kalos kai agathos") has a correspondent in Latin: "mens sana in corpore sano" (healthy soul in healthy body). It is also seen as a target in balanced education of body and spirit. There is thematic discussion of ''kalokagathia'' in Aristotle's ''Eudemian Ethics'', Book VIII, chapter 3 (1248b). And how a ''kalos kagathos'' (gentleman) should live is also discussed at length in Xenophon's Socratic dialogues, especially the ''Oeconomicus''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「kalos kagathos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|